When it comes to firearms building, an 80 percent lower receiver offers enthusiasts a unique opportunity to create custom firearms. However, selecting the right one requires careful consideration. Here are key aspects to keep in mind before making your purchase.
Understanding 80 Percent Lowers
An 80 percent lower is a partially completed firearm receiver—typically made from aluminum or polymer. This means it’s not yet classified as a firearm under federal law, allowing buyers more flexibility and less regulatory scrutiny. While the process of completing an 80 percent lower involves machining or drilling out certain areas, understanding the specifications and regulations is crucial.
Caliber Considerations
Once you determine the purpose of your rifle, think about the caliber you want to use. The standard caliber for AR-15s is .223 Remington or 5.56 NATO, but many uppers can be chambered in other calibers, such as 80 percent lower .300 Blackout, 6.5 Grendel, or .204 Ruger. Here’s what you should consider:
- Availability of Ammunition: Ensure the caliber you choose has readily available ammunition for your shooting needs.
- Performance Characteristics: Different calibers have unique ballistics and performance attributes. For example, .300 Blackout is excellent for suppressed shooting, while .223 is generally regarded as more versatile.
Legal Considerations
Before embarking on your 80 percent lower project, it’s essential to familiarize yourself with the legal landscape.
Federal Laws
The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF) outlines that an 80 percent lower is not considered a firearm until it has been fully completed. However, this status can vary state by state. Some states have strict regulations regarding the purchase and completion of 80 percent lowers, while others may uphold fewer restrictions.
State Regulations
States like California and New York have stringent laws regarding firearms, including regulations on 80 percent lowers. It’s essential to check your specific state laws to avoid legal complications. Compliance is not just a matter of legality; it also impacts your ability to use or transport your completed firearm.
Material Quality
The material of the lower receiver directly impacts the quality and longevity of your firearm.
Aluminum vs. Polymer
Most 80 percent lowers are made from either aluminum or polymer.
- Aluminum: This material is generally more durable and resistant to wear and tear. It is an ideal choice for those looking for a long-lasting build. Aluminum lowers are usually easier to machine and offer better structural integrity.
- Polymer: While typically lighter and less expensive, polymer lowers might not offer the same level of durability. They can be suitable for casual use but may not stand up to rigorous conditions. Weigh your priorities; if you need a rugged firearm, aluminum may be the better choice.
Design Features
Different 80 percent lowers come with various design features that might influence your decision.
Ergonomics
Look for lowers that feature ergonomic designs to enhance comfort during use. Features such as flared mag wells, ambidextrous controls, and adjustable stock mounts can significantly improve the overall shooting experience.
Aesthetic Appeal
While functionality is paramount, aesthetics should not be overlooked. Many manufacturers offer customizable options, such as integrated designs, surface treatments, and color finishes. Choose a design that reflects your personal style and vision for your firearm.
Compatibility with Other Parts
Before selecting an 80 percent lower, consider its compatibility with other components of your build.
Parts Compatibility
Make a note of the parts you intend to use. Different lowers may have specific specifications that dictate which upper receivers, stocks, and other components are compatible. Conduct research or consult with industry professionals to ensure a seamless fit.
Tools Required for Completion
Completing an 80 percent lower requires specific tools and skill sets.
Basic Tools
At a minimum, you’ll need a drill, drill bits, and some hand tools. More advanced builds may require jigs to assist in the machining process.
Skill Level
Be honest about your own skill level. If you are a novice, it might be wise to invest in additional guidance or opt for an easier-to-complete lower. Some companies offer kits with comprehensive instructions to assist those new to the crafting process.
Cost Considerations
Finally, cost is an important factor when selecting an 80 percent lower.
Budgeting
Prices can vary widely depending on the manufacturer, material, and included features. Set a clear budget and compare options to find a balance between quality and affordability. Remember that cheaper options might compromise on durability or performance.
Additional Costs
In addition to the lower receiver itself, factor in the costs of tools, parts, and any accessories you may require. Additional expenses may add up, so having a well-defined financial plan will help keep your project on track.
Conclusion
Selecting an 80 percent lower is a rewarding endeavor for firearm enthusiasts. By considering legal requirements, material quality, design features, compatibility, tools, and costs, you can make an informed decision that aligns with your goals. Whether you are a seasoned builder or a beginner, understanding these elements will set the foundation for a successful custom firearm project.